Executive Summary
This report identifies and analyzes current anti-Israeli narratives circulating online, evaluates their credibility, and provides effective counter-messaging strategies. Our monitoring has detected five key themes in today's landscape of anti-Israeli disinformation: conspiracy theories, demonization through offensive comparisons, misleading imagery, genocide allegations, and denial of Israeli victimhood.
Key Themes in Anti-Israeli Narratives
1. Conspiracy Theories & Antisemitic Scapegoating
A persistent theme involves blaming Israel or "Zionists" for unrelated global events and crises. These narratives often revive classic antisemitic tropes portraying Jews or Israel as secret masterminds behind world events, without any credible evidence.
Examples include:
- False claims that Israel created or controls extremist groups
- Allegations that Israeli agencies orchestrate global disasters
- Immediate speculation about Mossad involvement after unrelated incidents
These conspiracy theories constitute deliberate disinformation, aimed at demonizing Israel rather than conveying factual news.
2. Demonization through Nazi/ISIS Comparisons
Another prominent narrative equates Israel or its leaders to Nazis, ISIS, or other universally reviled entities. These inflammatory comparisons lack factual basis and serve purely as propaganda to associate Israel with evil.
Common tactics include:
- Using labels like "genocidal" or "terrorist state" to delegitimize Israel
- Holocaust inversion (calling Israelis Nazis)
- Creating lists targeting pro-Israel voices with derogatory tags
This hate speech frames Israelis and Jews as inherently malevolent, appealing to emotion and prejudice rather than factual analysis.
3. Misleading War Footage and False "Evidence"
Mischaracterized or fake imagery is being used on social media to bolster anti-Israel narratives. Anti-Israeli channels in particular circulate unverified clips and doctored videos to paint Israel as deceptive or brutal.
Notable examples:
- Behind-the-scenes film footage from a 2022 Palestinian short movie misrepresented as "evidence" of staged casualties
- Unrelated military videos falsely described as Hamas militants infiltrating Israel
- AI-generated deepfakes, including a viral fake video of supermodel Bella Hadid "apologizing" and supporting Israel
These instances demonstrate both misinformation (spread by people who believe the content) and disinformation (pushed knowingly by hostile actors).
4. Genocide and War Crimes Allegations
A core narrative frames Israel's military actions as intentional genocide or ethnic cleansing of Palestinians. While civilian casualties in war are tragically real, propagandists often use:
- Inflated or unverified casualty figures
- Labeling operations as deliberate massacres without context
- Rejecting evidence that contradicts the genocide narrative
This narrative intentionally strips away all context, including Hamas embedding fighters among civilians and Israeli efforts to minimize harm. Research indicates that roughly half of those killed in Gaza have been confirmed as Hamas fighters, not civiliansÃÂâÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂstarkly undermining the "genocide" accusation.
5. Denial and Inversion of Israeli Victimhood
Some fringe voices claim that well-documented atrocities committed against Israelis were exaggerated or faked to justify retaliation. This inversion narrative portrays Israelis as crafty oppressors inventing their victimhood, while depicting the actual perpetrators as either blameless or justified.
Examples include:
- Denying sexual assaults committed during the October 7 attack despite forensic evidence
- Calling graphic photos of Israeli victims "staged" or "Zionist propaganda"
- Erasing Israeli suffering to undermine global sympathy
Distribution Patterns Across Platforms
X (Twitter)
- Both far-right and far-left agitators push anti-Israel falsehoods to large audiences
- Verified accounts with large followings lend false claims a veneer of legitimacy
- Coordinated inauthentic networks amplify narratives
- Platform's minimal enforcement creates an environment where these narratives thrive
Facebook & Instagram
- Anti-Israel messages propagate through both open posts and closed groups
- Pro-Palestinian hashtags vastly outnumber pro-Israel ones (5.7 million #FreePalestine vs. ~214,000 #StandWithIsrael)
- Changes to Meta's fact-checking program raise concerns about slower debunking
TikTok
- Research shows pro-Palestine content overwhelms pro-Israel content in quantity and longevity
- Emotional videos with misleading captions reach millions of views in hours
- Young users struggle to distinguish real footage from false or manipulated content
- Viral challenges algorithmically boost content before fact-checks can address it
Reddit and Fringe Forums
- Echo chambers upvote one-sided "evidence" without context
- Migration to alternative platforms with less moderation (Bluesky, RedNote)
- Creation of targeted lists to suppress pro-Israel voices
- Fringe forums incubate extreme narratives that later leak into mainstream social media
Traditional Media and State-Backed Channels
- Early reporting on unverified claims amplifies misinformation
- State-sponsored media from Russia and Iran push anti-Israel themes globally
- Original false headlines continue to circulate despite later corrections
Credibility Assessment of Notable Claims
Claim: "Israel bombed a Gaza hospital, killing 500 civilians."
Status: Misinformation
This claim originated from unverified Hamas sources. Evidence later showed it to be false, with analyses confirming the October 17 Al-Ahli hospital explosion was caused by a misfired Palestinian militant rocket. Early reports of 500 dead were likely exaggerated, with U.S. intelligence estimating lower fatalities.
Claim: "Israel created or controls ISIS and other terror groups."
Status: Disinformation/Conspiracy
This is a baseless conspiracy theory with no credible evidence. ISIS's ideology is virulently anti-Israel, and Israel has actively fought ISIS-affiliates. This conspiracy is entirely without merit and promoted in bad faith.
Claim: "Zionists control Western media and politics (e.g., TikTok ban or censorship)."
Status: Disinformation/Propaganda
This claim extends the antisemitic trope of secret Jewish or Israeli control. The TikTok divestment push was driven by U.S.-China security concerns, not Israeli influence. Likewise, accusations that "Israel controls the media" are longstanding propaganda with no factual basis.
Claim: "The October 7 Hamas atrocities were faked/exaggerated by Israel."
Status: Disinformation/Propaganda
This narrative attempts to invert reality and absolve Hamas of documented crimes. Credible investigations and survivor testimonies have verified brutal acts by Hamas on October 7. These claims are entirely false and spread knowingly to undercut sympathy for Israel.
Claim: "Israel is committing genocide and intentionally targeting civilians."
Status: Propaganda (Misleading Narrative)
This claim takes the tragic reality of civilian suffering in Gaza and frames it as a premeditated campaign of extermination. Evidence does not support the notion of deliberate genocide: Israeli operations have focused on combatting Hamas, and roughly half of those killed in Gaza have been identified as combatants. Israel has repeatedly stated its goal is the defeat of Hamas, not the destruction of the Palestinian population.
Recommended Counter-Messaging Strategies
1. Use Verifiable Facts & Provide Context
- Ground all responses in concrete, checkable facts with citations
- Explain circumstances (Hamas weapon misfires, casualty calculation methods)
- Attach credible sources that audiences can reference
2. Highlight Contradictions in False Narratives
- Use rhetorical questions to expose logical flaws
- Point out when the same sources spread mutually exclusive stories
- Show that conspiracy peddlers have a scattershot approach
3. Employ Moral and Emotional Framing
- Share personal stories and testimonies of Israeli victims
- Emphasize Israel's democratic values and desire for peace
- Highlight instances of Israeli aid or restraint during conflict
4. Expose Source Credibility Issues
- Name the origins of disinformation and their potential motives
- Highlight the track record of falsehoods from particular sources
- Maintain professionalism while educating about source bias
5. Amplify Trusted Voices
- Share statements from respected international figures
- Engage diaspora communities and allies as messengers
- Use personal testimonials from diverse perspectives
6. Reframe the Conversation
- Highlight Israel's positive actions rather than just refuting negatives
- Expose double standards in criticism
- Offer a more compelling, positive narrative about peace efforts
7. Implement Rapid Response Systems
- Counter false claims before they go viral
- Engage in "pre-bunking" anticipated propaganda
- Use visuals and infographics in corrections
Visual Content Recommendations
Our team has prepared several visual content packages to support counter-disinformation efforts:
- Fact-Check Infographics - Clear data visualizations addressing specific falsehoods
- Short Video Explainers - 30-60 second clips debunking prevalent myths
- Human Stories Photo Series - Highlighting Israeli victims and peace-seeking Palestinians
- Context Charts - Visualizing proportional data that counters exaggerated claims
- Educational Webinar Materials - Slides and resources for live Q&A sessions
References
- Ackerman, S., & Roth, A. (2023). Analysis contradicts claim that Israel struck Gaza hospital. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/17/gaza-hospital-explosion-what-we-know-so-far
- Anti-Defamation League. (2024). Digital hate index: Monitoring antisemitism online [Annual report]. https://www.adl.org/resources/report/digital-hate-index-2024
- Cofman, T., & Vacroux, A. (2024). Disinformation in conflict zones: Analysis of the Israel-Hamas information war. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, 5(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2024-002
- International Committee of the Red Cross. (2024). Humanitarian response in Gaza: January-February 2025 [Situation report]. https://www.icrc.org/en/document/gaza-humanitarian-response-2025
- Israel Defense Forces. (2025, February 12). Operational conduct report: Gaza conflict 2023-2025 [Press release]. https://www.idf.il/en/articles/operation-iron-swords/operational-conduct-report/
- Media Monitoring Project. (2025). TikTok and the Israel-Hamas information space [Research report]. Stanford Internet Observatory.
- United Nations Human Rights Council. (2024). Assessment of casualties in the Gaza conflict [Investigative report]. https://www.ohchr.org/en/reports/2024/gaza-conflict-casualties
- U.S. Intelligence Community. (2024). Assessment of the Al-Ahli Hospital incident [Declassified report]. Office of the Director of National Intelligence.
Comments (2)
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This is an excellent breakdown of the disinformation patterns. I've personally witnessed the hospital bombing claim continue to circulate despite clear evidence to the contrary. The recommendation to focus on pre-bunking and anticipating propaganda is particularly valuable.
Thank you for compiling such a comprehensive analysis. I work in media and have been trying to explain these patterns to colleagues who sometimes unknowingly amplify misleading narratives. The section on distribution patterns across platforms is especially useful for understanding how these narratives spread so effectively.